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	<title>Alejandro@Oxford &#187; international relations</title>
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	<description>DPhil Student at the Oxford Internet Institute</description>
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		<title>Bin Laden&#8217;s conversations and interviews leaked</title>
		<link>http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/aribo/2008/09/15/bin-ladens-conversations-and-interviews-leaked/</link>
		<comments>http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/aribo/2008/09/15/bin-ladens-conversations-and-interviews-leaked/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2008 10:34:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alejandro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[*OIINEWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Original]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Middle East]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Osama bin Laden]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[US]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Wikileaks has published on its site ten years (1994-2004) of translated messages and interviews by Osama bin Laden. This is a leaked document from the CIA&#8217;s Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). Among many other things there is a message by bin Laden dated on September 16, 2001 — five days after the twin towers attacks [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://www.aribo.eu/images/oii/osama.jpg" alt="Osama bin Laden" align ="right"/><a href="http://www.wikileaks.org">Wikileaks</a> has published on its site<a href="https://secure.wikileaks.org/wiki/CIA_FBIS:_Usama_bin_Laden_Statements_1994-2004"> ten years (1994-2004) of translated messages and interviews by Osama bin Laden</a>. This is a leaked document from the CIA&#8217;s Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS).<br />
Among many other things there is a message by bin Laden dated on September 16, 2001 — five days after the twin towers attacks — in which he denies any involvement:</p>
<blockquote><p>Following the latest explosions in the United States, some Americans are pointing the finger at me, but I deny that because I have not done it. The United States has always accused me of these incidents which have been caused by its enemies. Reiterating once again, I say that I have not done it, and the perpetrators have carried this out because of their own interest</p></blockquote>
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		<title>Digital Diplomacy &#8211; Dr. Nicholas Westcott (FCO)</title>
		<link>http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/aribo/2007/11/15/digital-diplomacy-dr-nicholas-westcott-fco/</link>
		<comments>http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/aribo/2007/11/15/digital-diplomacy-dr-nicholas-westcott-fco/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Nov 2007 12:54:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alejandro</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[*OIINEWS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international relations]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dr. Nicholas Westcott, until now Chief Information Officer at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and from December UK High Commissioner in Ghana, came to the OII yesterday afternoon (info about the event). He presented his draft paper on &#8220;Digital Diplomacy: the Impact of the Internet on International Relations&#8221;, which somehow follows the OII Research [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="http://welcome.blogofchange.com/images/westcott.jpg" alt="Nicholas Westcott at the OII" align="left" />Dr. Nicholas Westcott, until now Chief Information Officer at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and from December UK High Commissioner in Ghana, came to the OII yesterday afternoon (<a href="http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/events/details.cfm?id=162" target="_blank">info about the event</a>). He presented his draft paper on &#8220;Digital Diplomacy: the Impact of the Internet on International Relations&#8221;, which somehow follows the OII Research Report written by Richard Grant on &#8220;<a href="http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/publications/RR5.pdf" target="_blank">Democratisation of Diplomacy: Negotiation with the Internet</a>&#8220;.This topic is directly related to my DPhil research topic i.e. International negotiations and the Internet. The area of international relations and the Internet is vast and very difficult to define or structure. His paper is a brave and very interesting attempt of getting hold of the main issues affecting national foreign services in relations to the Internet. He manages to bring in the main issues in a very short space and time. The paper is brief and right to the point, though lacking of real structure, due to the above-mentioned vastness of the topic. Today, the seminar was brilliant; Westcott&#8217;s main ideas were very well presented, a lesson in style and rich in content.Let me summarize it schematically for you  (NOTE: this summary does not follow verbatim Dr. Westcott&#8217;s presentation).The effect of the Internet in international relations is similar to its effect on business or domestic politics, but at a different scale. Three examples to illustrate this impact:
<ol>
<li> The Armenian and the UK governments agreed in 2004 to use a different language to treat the Turkish <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic">genocide</span> (my words) in milder terms; this was not widely reported, however the Armenian diaspora got hold of the information spread by some organizations and inundated with e-mails the FCO&#8217;s Permanent Under-Secretary&#8217;s inbox.</li>
<li>The negotiations between the EU-ACP for a new economic partnership agreement (EPA) for compliance with the WTO rules are being more complicated by the fact that &#8220;it is a hot issue in the blogosphere&#8221; and ACP countries are taking as their own position the perspective of the NGOs, which is a more principled stand to these issues. (A very interesting point for my thesis.)</li>
<li>Al-Qaeda&#8217;s Abu Mu&#8217;sab Suri (real name: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Setmariam_Nasar" title="Abu Musab Suri - Wikipedia" target="_blank">Mustafa Setmariam Nasar</a>) has used intensively the web to propagate his ideas and written works. This represents an ideological and political challenge to governments combating jihaddist movements. (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Setmariam_Nasar" title="Wikipedia - Abu Musab Suri" target="_blank">more info on Wikipedia</a>)</li>
</ol>
<p>The Internet has <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">multiplied</span> and <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">diversify</span> the actors in international relations. It has created new forms of <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">collaboration</span> and alliance, but also it is a factor of <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">polarisation</span> , for people and organizations are more and more seeking their information and allies among those that share their views. So Internet makes collaborating and polarising easier and faster.These transformations mean that diplomacy must adapt towards what Dr. Westcott calls <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">Digital Diplomacy</span>. This has implications in three areas:a) <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">Ideas</span>: ideas are very important in foreign policy. The Internet is where ideas are exchanged fast and intensively, therefore diplomacy must be present in virtual spaces to gather information about others&#8217; ideas and to influence with its own ideas.b) <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">Networks</span>: We live in a networked world. The Internet is the network of networks. Diplomacy must find and make use of the already existing networks. It must also create its own networks to gather ideas, information and interact with other actors.c) <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">Information</span>: Although the Internet is increasing the dissemination of information, there is no sign that this brings better informed participants into the debate or that participants are getting better information. For there is still the question of trust, that is, the Internet does not guarantee the communication of trustable information, in other words, it expands quantitatively the information available, but not qualitatively. Dr. Westcott is, thus, surprised that until today there has not been a serious development of mechanisms to transmit trusted information on the Net. This is extremely relevant for diplomacy and international relations in general, where information changes fast, is scarce and comes from many sources. There is still a great need, therefore, of filtering and analysis of information done mainly by diplomats.In brief,  the development of <span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">digital diplomacy</span> means that &#8220;diplomats need to become masters of the Internet&#8221;.</p>
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